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TURKEY

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ABOUT TURKEY

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GEOGRAPHY:
Turkey is 774.815 km2. The Anatolia part is in Asia and Thrace belongs to Europe that is why The Bosphorus is said to be the gate between the two continents. Turkey is rich with its rivers, lakes, mountains and bays apart from the seas surrounding the country which are the Black Sea, the Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea. The biggest lake in Turkey is in the eastern part which is called the lake Van which took attention a few years ago with its so-called monster. The highest mountain is again in the eastern part and it's called The Agri Mountain, which is 5,165 meters high. Kusadasi is in the western part in the Aegean region close to the third biggest city of Turkey, Izmir. Turkey is divided into seven regions; the Black Sea region, the Marmara region, the Aegean region, the Mediterranean region, Central Anatolia, the East Anatolian and Southeast Anatolia regions. The Eastern Anatolian region is the richest in numbers. Turkey's largest lake Van (3,713 square kilometers), and the lakes of Ercek, Cildir and Hazar are in this region. There are also many lakes in the west Taurus mountains area: the Beysehir and Egirdir lakes, and the lakes that contain bitter waters like the Burdur and Acigoller lakes. Around the Sea of Marmara there are Sapanca, Iznik, Ulubat, Manyas, Terkos, Kucukcekmece and Buyukcekmece. In Central Anatolia there is the second largest lake in Turkey, Tuzgolu. The waters of this lake are shallow and very salty. As a result of the several lakes, many dam lakes were constructed such as the Ataturk Damlake, Keban, Karakaya, Altinkaya, Adiguzel, Kilickaya, Karacaoren, Menzelet,Kapulukaya, Hirfanli, Sariyar and Demirkopru.Turkey is surrounded by the Black Sea in the north, the Mediterranean in the south and the Aegean Sea in the west on three sides. In the northwest there is an internal sea, the Sea of Marmara, between the straits of the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus. The length of the Black Sea coastline in Turkey is 1,595 kilometers. ! The Mediterranean coastline is 1,577 kilometers. The Aegean Sea coast is over 2,800 kilometers. The coastline of the Marmara Sea is over 1,000 kilometers long.

The most important rivers of Turkey, the Firat (Euphrates) and Dicle (Tigris)
join together in Iraq and flow into the Persian Gulf. Turkey's longest rivers, the Kizilirmak, Yesilirmak and Sakarya, flow into the Black Sea. The Susurluk, Biga and Gonen pour into the Sea of Marmara, the Gediz, Kucuk Menderes, Buyuk Menderes and Meric into the Aegean, and the Seyhan, Ceyhan and Goksu into the Mediterranean. Turkey is located in the northern half of the hemisphere at a point that is about halfway between the equator and the north pole, at a latitude of 36 degrees N to 42 degrees N and a longitude of 26 degrees E to 45 degrees E. Turkey is roughly rectangular in shape and it is 1,660 kilometers long and 550 kilometers wide. The surface of Turkey,  including its lakes and rivers, is 814,578 square kilometers, of which 790,200 are in Asia and 24,378 are located in Europe.The land borders of Turkey are 2,753 kilometers in total, and coastlines (including islands) are another 8,333 kilometers. Turkey has two European neighboring countries which are Greece and Bulgaria and six Asian neighboring countries which are Iraq, Iran, Syria, Armenia, Georgia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

CLIMATE:
As Turkey is close to the equator the climate is not so harsh to make our lives a misery. Of course the weather varies region to region but mainly the western bits are rainy and warm in winters, sunny and hot in summers and the eastern bits are snowy and cold in winters, sunny and hot in summers. The temperature in the eastern parts is often above zero degrees in winters and in summers it is between 30-35 degrees but in the eastern parts in winters it does go down zero degrees but summers are sometimes hotter than the western parts. If hot annoys you, the best time to visit Turkey is spring or autumn. But summer is great if you want to go back to your country with a good tan!

Average Temperatures By Region (in Celsius): 

Mediterranean: 17.2
Eastern Anatolia: 8.1
Aegean: 4.3
S. East Anatolia: 16.0
Central Anatolia: 0.7
Black Sea: 12.5
Marmara: 14.2

GOVERNMENT:
October 29, 1923, is the foundation of Turkish Republic. On that date, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is the founder and the first president of Turkish Republic. The dynastic and theocratic Ottoman system, with its Sultanate and Caliphate, thus came to an end. Ataturk's Turkey dedicated itself to the sovereignty of the national will. Turkey is a republic which is directed by a president and the parliament. The Turkish Republic is based on a secular, democratic, pluralist and parliamentary system and the concepts of public peace, national solidarity and justice where human rights are protected by law and loyal to the nationalism of Ataturk. The parliamentarians are elected by the society. The official language of the Turkey is Turkish and its capital is Ankara. A competitive and pluralistic party system has been in operation in Turkey since 1946. The political parties are an indivisible and indispensable part of Turkish political life. All Turkish citizens over 18 years of age have the right to vote in elections and to take part in referendums.

ECONOMY:
Agriculture has an important role in Turkish economy. Turkey does one of the most important food exporting in the world. The main crops are wheat, rice, cotton, tea, tobacco, hazelnuts and fruits. Stock-breeding plays an important role as well. The sheep are fed for their wool and meat. The cows are for their meat and milk. Industry and tourism also have high rates in the income of Turkey. Turkish economy is the 16th largest in the world. The aims of the economic reform which was implemented in 1980, were reducing government intervention; implementing a flexible exchange rate policy; liberalizing import regulations; increasing exports; encouraging foreign capital investment; establishing free trade zones; deregulating financial markets; privatizing State Economic Enterprises, and decentralizing government activities.  As a result of economic reforms based on free market principles and an international orientation, the Turkish economy has experienced an average growth rate of almost 5 percent over the past 20 years. With its rapid development, its young and well-trained workforce; rich natural resources; well-developed infrastructure; improved transportation, telecommunications and banking systems; rapidly growing domestic market; and dynamic and developed industry, Turkey is today an attractive and secure investment opportunity for foreign investors.

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